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Passover

Typological treatment in the corpus

The Passover (Pesach), Israel’s feast of deliverance in which the blood of a spotless lamb was applied to the doorposts and the LORD passed over the houses marked with blood (Ex. 12), is identified by Warnock and Jones as a type of Christ’s crucifixion. The Passover lamb — unblemished, slain, its blood applied — is the OT shadow whose fulfilled reality is Christ’s death. For Jones, Passover is moreover the first of three feasts that together depict the threefold salvation of humanity.

Biblical anchoring

ReferenceContext
Ex. 12:1-13Institution of Passover: unblemished lamb, blood on the doorpost, deliverance from death
Ex. 12:46No bone of the lamb broken — a prophetic pattern
Lev. 23:5Passover on the fourteenth of the first month as annual feast
1Cor. 5:7”For Christ our Passover also has been sacrificed”
John 1:29John the Baptist: “Behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!”
John 19:33, 36No bone of Christ broken — fulfillment of Ex. 12:46
1Pet. 1:18-19”the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless”

Typological interpretation per author

Warnock

Warnock places the Passover at the center of his overarching typological hermeneutic: the OT feasts are patterns and prefigurations of NT realities in Christ. The Passover lamb is the first and most fundamental type:

“First Adam, then the Last Adam. First the Passover, then the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world.”1

The unblemishedness of the Passover lamb is for Warnock the core requirement linking the type to its antitype — Christ’s perfect sinlessness:

“The Passover lamb ‘without blemish’ is a type of: ‘the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot.’ (1Pet. 1:18-19)”2

The typological line runs from every individual Passover lamb ever slain in Jewish liturgy to Christ as the ultimate fulfillment:

“He was the fulfillment of every Passover Lamb which was ever offered in Jewish ceremony; and the Substance having been revealed, the type has passed away.”3

The appropriation of the Passover blood has for Warnock also an individual character — it concerns the personal act of faith in applying the blood to the doorpost:

“God is eternally satisfied with the work of Calvary’s Cross, and we as God’s [people] beholds this one token: ‘When I see the blood I will pass over you.‘”4

Jones

Jones develops the Passover type within his doctrine of the two works of Christ. The cross is the completion of the Passover work — the death-work fulfilling the first of three salvation stages:

“When Jesus said on the cross, ‘It is finished,’ He did not mean that there was no more work to be done to establish the Kingdom of God upon the earth. He meant that the work of Passover was finished, for He was crucified on Passover, and this was the purpose of His first coming.”5

Passover is the first stage in a threefold salvation schema — each feast corresponds to an aspect of the threefold human nature:

“There are three primary feast days in Israel: Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles. It takes all three feasts to perfect a man with the fullness of the Spirit. Each feast is an aspect of salvation for the threefold nature of man: spirit, soul, and body (1Thess. 5:23).”6

The Passover-work is distinguished from the Tabernacles-work in its soteriological scope: it is imputation, not extraction:

“Passover imputes righteousness to us by covering us with the blood of the Lamb; Tabernacles brings us actual righteousness by removing sin from us entirely.”7

  • Connected: adam (Adam as first man and Christ as Last Adam — Passover connects the two via 1Cor. 5:7)
  • Connected: day-of-atonement (Passover = first work; Day of Atonement = future completion)
  • Connected: feast-of-tabernacles (Passover, Pentecost, Tabernacles as threefold salvation schema)
  • Via number symbolism: 14 (Passover on the 14th of the first month; Christ the 14th generation in Matt. 1:17)

Footnotes

Footnotes

  1. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 1 — Adam–Passover sequence as typological hermeneutical principle. ↩

  2. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 2 — unblemished Passover lamb as type of Christ’s blood. ↩

  3. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 2 — fulfillment of every Passover lamb; type has passed away. ↩

  4. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 2 — individual appropriation; “When I see the blood” (Ex. 12:13). ↩

  5. Jones, b4 (The Laws of the Second Coming), ch. 10 — Passover-work completed on the cross; first coming. ↩

  6. Jones, b5 (The Biblical Meaning of Numbers), ch. 2 — three feasts as types of threefold salvation. ↩

  7. Jones, b4 (The Laws of the Second Coming), ch. 12 — Passover (imputation) vs. Tabernacles (extraction). ↩

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