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Adam

Typological treatment in the corpus

Adam, the first man, is identified by Warnock and Jones as a type of Christ as the Last Adam and Second Man. Where the first Adam was the source of mortality and ruin, Christ as Last Adam depicts the beginning of a new creation — the one who, as life-giving Spirit, leads humanity toward the full likeness of God.

Biblical anchoring

ReferenceContext
Gen. 1:26-27Adam created in the image (tselem) and likeness (demuth) of God
Gen. 2:7God breathes the breath of life into Adam’s nostrils: he becomes a living soul
Gen. 3:17-19Adam brings curse, mortality, and bondage upon the earth
Rom. 5:12-19Pauline Adam–Christ parallel: death through one, justification through one
1Cor. 15:45-49Adam = living soul; Christ = life-giving Spirit; first and last Adam
1Cor. 15:22”For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive”

Typological interpretation per author

Warnock

Warnock formulates the Adam–Christ type within his overarching typological hermeneutic: the natural comes first, then the spiritual (1Cor. 15:46). From this principle he draws the line:

“First Adam, then the Last Adam. First the Passover, then the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world.”1

The type–antitype schema is for Warnock not merely conceptual but decisive for understanding Christ’s work. The first Adam is not his counterpart but his forerunner:

“from the first Adam there came Christ, destined not only to become the Last Adam (the last of Adam, the last of the old race), but the Second Man (the beginning of the second creation).”2

After the resurrection, the antitypical parallel becomes visible: just as God in the beginning breathed the breath of life into Adam’s nostrils (Gen. 2:7), so the Last Adam breathes spiritual life into his disciples:

“the Last Adam (who had now become, by virtue of His death and resurrection, a ‘life-giving Spirit’—1Cor. 15:45)—so now the Last Adam breathed into the disciples the breath of spiritual life, and they passed experientially from death unto life.”3

For Warnock, identification with the Last Adam is moreover normative for the believer — conformity to Christ is conformity to the Second Man:

“So thorough and real and vital is our identification with the Last Adam, that in all respects—His work, His ministry, His death, His life—we are to become like unto Him.”4

Jones

Jones develops the Second Adam type systematically via the Pauline imputation doctrine in Rom. 5. The type–antitype schema turns on what Adam’s sin and Christ’s righteousness each impute to “all men”:

“Paul says here that sin first entered the world through Adam’s sin. But what did ‘all men’ inherit from Adam? Was it Adam’s SIN that was passed down into all men? NO. It was death, the liability for Adam’s sin… In other words, man did not inherit a sin nature from Adam. He merely inherited the liability for Adam’s sin.”5

The parallel imputation of the Last Adam reverses this:

“God in His sovereignty imputed his sin to our accounts, calling what is not as though it were (Rom. 4:17). This would be a gross injustice; in fact, it would be a false accusation on God’s part, except for the fact that Jesus came to impute His righteousness to our accounts as well. In so doing, He reversed entirely the effects of this ‘temporary injustice’.”6

Jones reads Rom. 5:18 as the typological capstone:

“So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to all men, even so through one act of righteousness there resulted justification of life to all men.”7

From this Jones draws the soteriological conclusion that carries his universalist vision:

“And this is why it is so important that ‘all men’ who died in Adam be saved in Christ.”8

  • Connected: passover (Christ as Passover Lamb links Adam type to Last Adam via 1Cor. 15:45)
  • Via number symbolism: 2 (two Adam figures as structural principle: first/second, old/new)

Footnotes

Footnotes

  1. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 1 — typological hermeneutical principle. ↩

  2. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 1 — Last Adam as Second Man. ↩

  3. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 5 — life-giving breath after resurrection (John 20:22). ↩

  4. Warnock, b1 (The Feast of Tabernacles), ch. 7 — identification with Last Adam (1Cor. 15:45, 48). ↩

  5. Jones, b1 (Creation’s Jubilee), ch. 9 — imputation doctrine: liability, not sin nature. ↩

  6. Jones, b1 (Creation’s Jubilee), ch. 9 — parallel imputation of righteousness. ↩

  7. Jones, b1 (Creation’s Jubilee), ch. 9 — Rom. 5:18 as typological capstone. ↩

  8. Jones, b1 (Creation’s Jubilee), ch. 9 — universal salvation via Adam–Christ type. ↩

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