10 (Ten)

Symbolic treatment of this number in the corpus

Bullinger · Jones

The number ten stands in the corpus for divine order, law, and responsibility. Bullinger regards it as the third of four perfect numbers and calls it “ordinal perfection”: the orderly completeness of a sequence. Jones connects it through the Hebrew letter Yod (closed hand, deed) to the moment of judgment and reward when God’s law calls for an accounting.

Biblical References

ReferenceContext
Ex. 20:1-17The Ten Commandments: foundation of God’s law
Gen. 6:13Tenth mention of Noah: announcement of judgment
Gen. 22:3Tenth mention of Isaac: the great offering on the mountain
Dan. 7:10Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before God
Rev. 20:12-13Judgment according to works; the books opened
Lev. 27:32The tenth of herd and flock is holy to the Lord

Symbolism in the Corpus

E.W. Bullinger

Bullinger describes ten as “ordinal perfection”: the number of orderly completeness and responsibility. The Ten Commandments (Ex. 20) are the most direct biblical evidence. He points to the decimal system as evidence that ten functions as an ordering principle in nature. The product of the four perfect numbers — three times seven times ten times twelve — yields two thousand five hundred and twenty, the number of chronological perfection. 1

Stephen E. Jones

Jones describes ten as the number of divine order and law, derived from the Hebrew letter Yod, the closed hand: the hand that works and acts. He writes: “Ten is the number that pictures the time of judgment when people either receive their reward or come under divine judgment.” The Ten Commandments are the most direct evidence. Jones applies his method of the Nth biblical name occurrence: the tenth mention of Noah in Gen. 6:13 falls precisely at the announcement of judgment (“the end of all flesh has come before Me”), and the tenth mention of Isaac in Gen. 22:3 falls at the great offering on Mount Moriah. Both patterns confirm that ten marks the point at which God calls for an accounting. 2


Footnotes

  1. Bullinger, b1 (Number in Scripture, 4th ed. 1921).

  2. Jones, b5 (The Biblical Meaning of Numbers).