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Origenism

Definition: The theological tradition or school stemming from Origen of Alexandria (184–253 AD), characterized by universalism, allegorical biblical interpretation, and philosophical theology. After Origen’s death, “Origenism” became a label for his followers, not always an accurate representation of Origen’s own work.

Origen (184–253 AD)

Origen of Alexandria:

  • Most influential theologian of the early Church
  • Chief biblical commentarist
  • Advocate for Universal Reconciliation (apokatastasis)
  • Excommunicated by Demetrius of Alexandria (232 AD) out of political jealousy, not for his UR doctrine

According to Stephen Jones, Origen’s excommunication was politically motivated (Demetrius’s personal grievance), not theologically grounded.

Origenistic School

Heirs and followers:

  • Gregory of Nyssa — eschatological architect of universalism
  • Gregory of Nazianzus
  • Didymus the Blind
  • Evagrius Ponticus

These figures continued Origen’s work, especially his universalist eschatology.

Origenistic Condemnation

In 553 AD, the Council of Constantinople issued Anathema IX against “Origenism,” condemning universal restoration. This occurred despite the same council praising Gregory of Nyssa as a Church Father.

Jones argues: Origenism was condemned not because it was theologically weak, but because it threatened episcopal power (Justinian’s).

Influence on Eastern Christianity

Eastern Orthodox traditions retained much Origenistic thought:

  • Universalism (subtle)
  • Allegorical hermeneutics
  • Lake of Fire concept

Political Context of Condemnation

Theophilus of Alexandria (399 AD) and later Justinian I used conciliar power to dismantle Origenistic institutions (monastic schools). This marks institutional repression, not theological refutation.

  • Universal Reconciliation
  • Apokatastasis
  • Greek-Alexandrian Tradition
  • Gregory of Nyssa
  • Allegorical Tradition
  • Council of Constantinople (553 AD)

Sources

  • Stephen E. Jones, A Short History of Universal Reconciliation (b9)
  • All disciplinary dossiers (Origen biography appears in all)
  • Ecclesiology dossier (church-political context)
  • Prolegomena (Origen’s hermeneutical methodology)

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